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Chemistry
General Chemistry:
- Chemical reactions, types of chemical reactions;
- The structure of the atom;
- The composition of nucleus;
- Isotopes;
- Electronic structure of the elements (quantum numbers, orbital, electronic configuration);
- Periodic table, periodic perspective: atomic and ionic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, electro negativity;
- Chemical bonds, the metallic, ionic and cova-lent bonds;
- Intermolecular forces;
- Changes of state of the matter, gaseous, liquid and solid states, relationship between phase diagrams;
- Aqueous solutions, electrolytes and nonelectrolytes, acids and bases.
Inorganic Chemistry:
- Hydrogen and oxygen, oxidation state, oxidation and reduction;
- Properties and reactions hydrogen and oxygen, compounds of hydrogen and oxygen;
- The halogens, compounds of the halogens;
- Noble gases, sources and uses of noble gases;
- Nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur;
- Industrial acids, compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur;
- Carbon, allotropic forms of carbon, inorganic compounds of carbon;
- Metals and metallurgy;
- The s- and p-block metals, transition metals.
Organic Chemistry:
- Covalent bonds of carbon, multiple covalent bonds in carbon compounds;
- Hydrocarbons, alkenes and cycloalkenes alkenes and alkynes;
- Aromatic hydrocarbons, heteroaromatic compounds;
- Alcohols and ethers aldehydes and ketones;
- Carboxylic acids, calculation of acidity;
- Salts, detergents;
- Esters and anhydrides;
- Amines and amides, calculation of basicity;
- Halogen, sulfur, phosphorus containing compounds;
- Isomerism in organic chemistry, structural, geometrical and optical isomers.
Biology
The Living World:
- Classification;
- Levels of organization.
Cell Biology:
- Chemical Components of a Cell;
- Elements and inorganic compounds;
- Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids colloidal systems;
- Cellular Metabolism;
- Enzymes;
- Energy production in glycolysis, Krebs cycle and terminal oxidation;
- Photosynthesises;
- The biosynthesis of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids;
- Cellular Ultrastructure (Organelles), Cellular physiology, Membrane transport;
- Endocytosis and exostosis;
- The action potential cellular movements.
Organic Biology:
- Nutrition;
- Respiration;
- Excretion;
- Circulation Locomotion;
- Reproduction;
- Sexual an asexual reproduction growth and development;
- Regulation;
- Homeostasis and regulation by hormones;
- Nervous regulation;
- The nervous system;
- The synapse and neurotransmitters;
- Autonomic nervous system;
- The spinal cord;
- The brain;
- Memory and sleep;
- Perception;
- Receptors and perceptive organs;
- The evolution of the systems listed above;
- Structure and function of the corresponding human-organs;
- Animal behavior;
- Innate and learned behavior;
- The Environment;
- Ecology, ecosystems;
- Food chains, limiting factors, cycles in nature;
- Populations and communities.
Genetics:
- Molecular genetics;
- Properties of the genetic material;
- Mutation, recombination;
- The genetic code;
- The operon;
- Classical genetics;
- Modes of inheritance (discontinuous traits);
- Linkage;
- Sex chromosomes;
- Continuous traits genetic counselling.
Evolution:
- Population genetics;
- Chemical and biological evolution;
- Human evolution.
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